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Swedenservitut
national definition:En servitut er en privatretlig aftale, der er tinglyst på en ejendom. En servitut kan betegnes som tidligere tiders ”lokalplan-bestemmelse”. Før offentlig ret voksede til nutidens omfang, måtte myndighederne bruge privatretten til at regulere med. Begrebet servitut kendes fra ca. år 1800, og blev fx brugt efter Københavns brand i 1795 til at varetage hensyn til brandsikkerhed. Også private brugte og bruger stadig servitutter, typisk til at sikre en grundejer færdselsret over en grund, som han har frastykket i sin baghave og solgt. En servitut kaldes ofte en deklaration (”erklæring”, henviser til det dokument, der hjemler en servitut).
Der skelnes normalt imellem privatretlig servitut og offentligretlig servitut – samt imellem rådighedsservitut og tilstandsservitut
(se efterfølgende).
Servitutstiftelse følger dansk rets almindelige regler om aftaleindgåelse. Tommelfingerregelen er, at en servitut dels skal være rimelig, og dels ikke må gøre den offentligretlige regulering illusorisk. Denne regel er også baggrunden for planlovens § 42, der siger, at lokalplanrelevante servitutter kun kan pålægges efter forudgående samtykke fra kommunalbestyrelsen. Der må dog ikke meddeles samtykke i tilfælde, hvor der som følge af planloven skal tilvejebringes en lokalplan. Privat servitutregulering må således ikke gøre lokalplanlægningen illusorisk. Derfor giver planloven en kommune mulighed for at nægte samtykke til et servitutpålæg, hvis kommunen mener, at servitutten vil foregribe og evt. give problemer i forbindelse med senere lokalplanlægning for den pågældende ejendom.
easement
english definition:An easement is a civil law agreement registered for a property in the land registry. An easement can be regarded as the historical equivalent of a local plan provision. Before public law reached its current extent, public authorities had to regulate using civil law. The term easement has been used since about 1800. It was used after the Great Fire in Copenhagen in 1795 to manage fire safety. Individual citizens used, and still use, easements, typically to secure landowners’ right to use the road in the backyard of a property parcelled out and sold off. An easement is often called a declaration (declaration refers to the document that confers legal authority on an easement).
Private easement and public easement can normally be distinguished – as well as positive easement versus negative easement (see the following).
An easement may be created in accordance with Denmark’s normal legal rules for concluding agreements. The main rules are that an easement must be reasonable and must not make the public legal regulation illusory. This rule is also the basis of §42 of the Planning Act, which states that an owner of real property may only impose provisions by an easement on a property on matters about which a local plan may contain provisions if the municipal council gives prior consent. However, the municipal council may not give consent if a local plan is required to be adopted according to the Planning Act. Thus, private easement must not make local plans illusory. The planning legislation therefore provides the municipality the right to deny consent to an easement if the municipality finds that the easement will anticipate and possibly cause problems in future local planning for the property in question.
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